Long-term use for the management of epilepsy is not recommended due to the significant risk of tolerance (which renders midazolam and other benzodiazepines ineffective) and the significant side effect of sedation. Midazolam is sometimes used for the acute management of prolonged seizures. In many countries, it is a controlled substance. Midazolam is available as a generic medication. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Midazolam was patented in 1974 and came into medical use in 1982. There is evidence of risk when used during pregnancy but no evidence of harm with a single dose during breastfeeding. Paradoxical effects, such as increased activity, can occur especially in children and older people. Tolerance to its effects and withdrawal syndrome may occur following long-term use. Side effects can include a decrease in efforts to breathe, low blood pressure, and sleepiness. When given intravenously, it typically begins working within five minutes when injected into a muscle, it can take fifteen minutes to begin working. Midazolam can be given by mouth, intravenously, by injection into a muscle, by spraying into the nose, or through the cheek. It is also useful for the treatment of prolonged (lasting over 5 minutes) seizures. The drug does not cause an individual to become unconscious, merely to be sedated. Like other benzodiazepines, it works by increasing the activity of the GABA neurotransmitter in the brain. It works by inducing sleepiness, decreasing anxiety, and causing a loss of ability to create new memories.
Midazolam, sold under the brand name Versed among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used for anesthesia and procedural sedation, and to treat severe agitation.
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